This page discusses various multi-platform methods on how to create an Arch Linux Installer USB drive (also referred to as 'flash drive', 'USB stick', 'USB key', etc) for booting in BIOS and UEFI systems. The result will be a LiveUSB (LiveCD-like) system that can be used for installing Arch Linux, system maintenance or for recovery purposes, and that, because of the nature of SquashFS, will discard all changes once the computer shuts down.

If the flash drive that you want to use is a USB 3.0 version but your computer uses USB-C ports, you'll need to buy a USB-C adapter and plug it into the USB-C port on your computer. This is most common on MacBooks and MacBook Pros from 2016 and up, though some Windows computers also have only USB-C ports. Warning: This will irrevocably destroy all data on /dev/sdx.To restore the USB drive as an empty, usable storage device after using the Arch ISO image, the ISO 9660 filesystem signature needs to be removed by running wipefs -all /dev/sdx as root, before repartitioning and reformatting the USB drive. Let the download complete and you’ll have a complete macOS installer application ready to use. The great thing about the MDS tool is it makes downloading full installers of specific macOS versions particularly easy. For example if you want to download macOS 11.1, or macOS 10.14.6, or macOS 10.15.3, you can easily do that with this tool. If you plan on writing and using your bootable USB on Mac hardware, you’ll need to erase and reformat your memory stick using Apple’s Disk Utility, which you can launch from Applications Utilities or the search function. After launching Disk Utility, insert your USB stick, which will then appear. In this step, you have to download and create a bootable USB installer for macOS Sierra using UniBeast on Macbook or create bootable USB Installer on Windows. This step will help you to Boot with the USB installer and create a partition for mac and finally installs the Mac from the USB Installer to OS X Extended (Journaled) partition.

If you would like to run a full install of Arch Linux from a USB drive (i.e. with persistent settings), see Installing Arch Linux on a USB key. If you would like to use your bootable Arch Linux USB stick as a rescue USB, see Change root.

BIOS and UEFI bootable USB

Using automatic tools

In GNU/Linux

Using basic command line utilities

This method is recommended due to its simplicity and universal availability, since these tools are part of coreutils (pulled in by the base meta-package).

Run the following command, replacing /dev/sdx with your drive, e.g. /dev/sdb. (Do not append a partition number, so do not use something like /dev/sdb1):

• using cat:
• using cp:
• using dd:
• using tee:

See [1] and [2] for a comparison and perspective on the use of those tools and why dd may be the least adapted one.

Using GNOME Disk Utility

Linux distributions running GNOME can easily make a live CD through nautilus and gnome-disk-utility. Simply right-click on the .iso file, and select Open With Disk Image Writer. When GNOME Disk Utility opens, specify the flash drive from the Destination drop-down menu and click Start Restoring.

Using MultiWriter

gnome-multi-writer is a simple GTK3 based graphical tool to write an ISO file to one or multiple USB devices at once.

Using Kindd

Kindd is a Qt based graphical frontend for dd. It is available as kindd^AUR.

Using etcher

Etcher is a OS image flasher built with node.js and Electron, capable of flashing an SDCard or USB drive. It protects you from accidentally writing to your hard-drives and ensures every byte of data was written correctly. There are 5 related packages in the AUR.

Using ventoy

Ventoy is an open source tool to create bootable USB drive for ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)/EFI files. With ventoy, you do not need to format the disk over and over, you just need to copy the ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)EFI files to the USB drive and boot them directly. You can copy many files at a time and ventoy will give you a boot menu to select them. It is available in the AUR as ventoy-bin^AUR.

In Windows

Using Rufus

Rufus is a multi-purpose USB ISO writer. It provides a graphical user interface and does not care if the drive is properly formatted or not.

Simply select the Arch Linux ISO, the USB drive you want to create the bootable Arch Linux onto and click START.

Using USBwriter

This method does not require any workaround and is as straightforward as dd under Linux. Just download the Arch Linux ISO, and with local administrator rights use the USBwriter utility to write to your USB flash memory.

Using win32diskimager

win32diskimager is another graphical USB iso writing tool for Windows. Simply select your iso image and the target USB drive letter (you may have to format it first to assign it a drive letter), and click Write.

Using Cygwin

Make sure your Cygwin installation contains the dd package.

Place your image file in your home directory:

Run cygwin as administrator (required for cygwin to access hardware). To write to your USB drive use the following command:

where image.iso is the path to the iso image file within the cygwin directory and .x: is your USB flash drive where x is the windows designated letter, e.g. .d:.

On Cygwin 6.0, find out the correct partition with:

and write the ISO image with the information from the output. Example:

dd for Windows

A GPL licensed dd version for Windows is available at http://www.chrysocome.net/dd. The advantage of this over Cygwin is a smaller download. Use it as shown in instructions for Cygwin above.

To begin, download the latest version of dd for Windows. Once downloaded, extract the archive's contents into Downloads or elsewhere.

Now, launch your command prompt as an administrator. Next, change directory (cd) into the Downloads directory.

If your Arch Linux ISO is elsewhere you may need to state the full path, for convenience you may wish to put the Arch Linux ISO into the same folder as the dd executable. The basic format of the command will look like this.

Simply replace the various null spots (indicated by an 'x') with the correct date and correct drive letter. Here is a complete example.

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

You can find out the physical drive number by typing wmic diskdrive list brief at the command prompt or with dd --list

Using flashnul

flashnul^{[dead link 2021-03-13 ⓘ]} is an utility to verify the functionality and maintenance of Flash-Memory (USB-Flash, IDE-Flash, SecureDigital, MMC, MemoryStick, SmartMedia, XD, CompactFlash etc).

From a command prompt, invoke flashnul with -p, and determine which device index is your USB drive, e.g.:

When you have determined which device is the correct one, you can write the image to your drive, by invoking flashnul with the device index, -L, and the path to your image, e.g:

As long as you are really sure you want to write the data, type yes, then wait a bit for it to write. If you get an access denied error, close any Explorer windows you have open.

If under Vista or Win7, you should open the console as administrator, or else flashnul will fail to open the stick as a block device and will only be able to write via the drive handle windows provides

Using ventoy

Ventoy is an open source tool to create bootable USB drive for ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)/EFI files. With ventoy, you do not need to format the disk over and over, you just need to copy the ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)EFI files to the USB drive and boot them directly. You can copy many files at a time and ventoy will give you a boot menu to select them.

In macOS

First, you need to identify the USB device. Open /Applications/Utilities/Terminal and list all storage devices with the command:

Your USB device will appear as something like /dev/disk2 (external, physical). Verify that this is the device you want to erase by checking its name and size and then use its identifier for the commands below instead of /dev/diskX.

A USB device is normally auto-mounted in macOS, and you have to unmount (not eject) it before block-writing to it with dd. In Terminal, do:

Now copy the ISO image file to the device. The dd command is similar to its Linux counterpart, but notice the 'r' before 'disk' for raw mode which makes the transfer much faster:

On newer dd you should use 'bs=1M', e.g.

This command will run silently. To view progress, send SIGINFO by pressing Ctrl+t. Note diskX here should not include the s1 suffix, or else the USB device will only be bootable in UEFI mode and not legacy. After completion, macOS may complain that 'The disk you inserted was not readable by this computer'. Select 'Ignore'. The USB device will be bootable.

In Android

EtchDroid

EtchDroid is a OS image flasher for Android. It works without root permissions on Android 5 to Android 8. According to bug reports it does not always work on Android 9 and Android 4.4.

To create an Arch Linux installer, download the ISO image file on your Android device. Plug the USB drive to your device, using a USB-OTG adapter if needed. Open EtchDroid, select 'Flash raw image', select your Arch ISO, then select your USB drive. Grant the USB API permission and confirm.

Keep your phone on a table while it is writing the image: a lot of USB-OTG adapters are a bit wobbly and you might unplug it by mistake.

Using manual formatting

Mac Os On Usb Stick

In GNU/Linux

This method is more complicated than writing the image directly with dd, but it does keep the flash drive usable for data storage (that is, the ISO is installed in a specific partition within the already partitioned device without altering other partitions).

• If not done yet, create a partition table on /dev/sdX.
• If not done yet, create a partition on the device. The partition /dev/sdXn must be formatted to FAT32.
• Mount the FAT32 file system located in the USB flash device and extract the contents of the ISO image to it. For example:

Booting requires specifying the volume on which the files reside. By default the label ARCH_YYYYMM (with the appropriate release year and month) is used. Thus, the file system’s label has to be set accordingly. Alternatively, you can change this behaviour by altering the lines ending by archisolabel=ARCH_YYYYMM in the files: /mnt/syslinux/archiso_sys-linux.cfg for BIOS boot, and in /mnt/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64-linux.conf and /mnt/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64-speech-linux.conf for UEFI boot. For example, to use an UUID instead, replace those portions of lines with archisodevice=/dev/disk/by-uuid/YOUR-UUID.

Hackintosh On Usb Stick

Syslinux files for BIOS systems are already copied to /mnt/syslinux. Unmount the FAT file system, install the syslinux package and run the following commands to make the partition bootable:

In Windows

• For manual formatting, do not use any Bootable USB Creator utility for creating the UEFI bootable USB. For manual formatting, do not use dd for Windows to dd the ISO to the USB drive either.
• In the below commands, X: is assumed to be the USB flash drive in Windows.
• Windows uses backward slash as path-separator, so the same is used in the below commands.
• All commands should be run in Windows command prompt as administrator.
• > denotes the Windows command prompt.

• Partition and format the USB drive using Rufus USB partitioner. Select partition scheme option as MBR for BIOS and UEFI and File system as FAT32. Uncheck 'Create a bootable disk using ISO image' and 'Create extended label and icon files' options.
• Change the Volume Label of the USB flash drive X: to match the LABEL mentioned in the archisolabel= part in <ISO>loaderentriesarchiso-x86_64.conf. This step is required for Official ISO (Archiso). This step can be also performed using Rufus, during the prior 'partition and format' step.
• Extract the ISO (similar to extracting ZIP archive) to the USB flash drive using 7-Zip.
• Download official Syslinux 6.xx binaries (zip file) from https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/ and extract it. The version of Syslinux should be the same version used in the ISO image.

• Run the following command (in Windows cmd prompt, as admin):

• Install Syslinux to the USB by running (use win64syslinux64.exe for x64 Windows):

• The above step installs Syslinux's ldlinux.sys to the VBR of the USB partition, sets the partition as 'active/boot' in the MBR partition table and writes the MBR boot code to the 1st 440-byte boot code region of the USB.
• The -d switch expects a path with forward slash path-separator like in *unix systems.

Other methods for BIOS systems

In GNU/Linux

Using a multiboot USB drive

This allows booting multiple ISOs from a single USB device, including the archiso. Updating an existing USB drive to a more recent ISO is simpler than for most other methods. See Multiboot USB drive.

Making a USB-ZIP drive

For some old BIOS systems, only booting from USB-ZIP drives is supported. This method allows you to still boot from a USB-HDD drive.

• Download syslinux and mtools from the official repositories.
• Find your usb drive with lsblk.
• Type mkdiskimage -4 /dev/sdx 0 64 32 (replace x with the letter of your drive). This will take a while.

From here continue with the manual formatting method. The partition will be /dev/sdx4 due to the way ZIP drives work.

Using UNetbootin

UNetbootin can be used on any Linux distribution or Windows to copy your iso to a USB device. However, Unetbootin overwrites syslinux.cfg, so it creates a USB device that does not boot properly. For this reason, Unetbootin is not recommended -- please use dd or one of the other methods discussed in this topic.

Edit syslinux.cfg:

In /dev/sdx1 you must replace x with the first free letter after the last letter in use on the system where you are installing Arch Linux (e.g. if you have two hard drives, use c.). You can make this change during the first phase of boot by pressing Tab when the menu is shown.

In Windows

Loading the installation medium from RAM

This article or section is a candidate for merging with Multiboot USB drive#Using Syslinux and memdisk.

This method uses Syslinux and a Ramdisk (MEMDISK) to load the entire Arch Linux ISO image into RAM. Since this will be running entirely from system memory, you will need to make sure the system you will be installing this on has an adequate amount. A minimum amount of RAM between 500 MB and 1 GB should suffice for a MEMDISK based, Arch Linux install.

For more information on Arch Linux system requirements as well as those for MEMDISK see the Installation guide and here. For reference, here is the preceding forum thread.

Preparing the USB flash drive

Begin by formatting the USB flash drive as FAT32. Then create the following folders on the newly formatted drive.

• Boot
  • Boot/ISOs
  • Boot/Settings

Copy the needed files to the USB flash drive

Next copy the ISO that you would like to boot to the Boot/ISOs folder. After that, extract from the following files from the latest release of syslinux from here and copy them into the following folders.

• ./win32/syslinux.exe to the Desktop or Downloads folder on your system.
• ./memdisk/memdisk to the Settings folder on your USB flash drive.

Create the configuration file

After copying the needed files, navigate to the USB flash drive, /boot/Settings and create a syslinux.cfg file.

For more information see the Syslinux article.

Macbook On Usb Stick

Final steps

Finally, create a *.bat file where syslinux.exe is located and run it ('Run as administrator' if you are on Vista or Windows 7):

Other methods for UEFI systems

For UEFI-only booting, it is enough to copy the files from the ISO and either change the FAT volume's label or edit boot loader configuration files to set archisolabel/archisodevice accordingly.

In GNU/Linux

This method involves simply copies files from the ISO image to a USB flash drive and either adjusts the systemd-boot configuration or the file system's label.

1. If not done yet, create a partition table on /dev/sdX and a partition (/dev/sdXn) on the device.
2. If not done yet, format the partition to FAT32:
3. Mount the FAT32 file system:
4. Extract the ISO image to the mounted file system:
5. Either:
   • edit /mnt/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64-linux.conf and /mnt/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64-speech-linux.conf and change archisolabel=ARCH_YYYYMM to match your device, e.g. by replacing it with archisodevice=/dev/disk/by-uuid/YOUR-UUID,
   • or unmount the file system and change its LABEL to match ARCH_YYYYMM:
6. Unmount the FAT32 file system.

In Windows

1. Partition the USB flash drive and format it to FAT32.
2. Right click on archlinux-version-x86_64.iso and select Mount.
3. Navigate to the newly created DVD drive and copy all files and folders except for syslinux to the USB flash drive.
4. When done copying, right click on the DVD drive and select Eject.
5. Either:
   • edit X:loaderentriesarchiso-x86_64-linux.conf and X:loaderentriesarchiso-x86_64-speech-linux.conf with a text editor and change archisolabel=ARCH_YYYYMM to match your device, e.g. by replacing it with archisolabel=YOUR-LABEL,
   • or change the FAT32 volume label to match ARCH_YYYYMM.
6. Eject the USB flash drive.

Troubleshooting

Macos Usb Stick Creator

• If you get the device did not show up after 30 seconds error due to /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_YYYYMM not mounting, try renaming your USB medium to ARCH_YYYYMM so Arch can find it. (e.g. For archlinux-2021.02.01-x86_64.iso, use ARCH_202102).
• If you get other errors, try using another USB device. There are case scenarios in which it solved all issues.
• If you get losetup: /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/x86_64/airootfs.sfs: failed to set up loop devices: No such file or directory, try using a USB 2.0 port. (Some USB 3.0 ports through USB hubs do not work.)

See also

Macos Usb Stick Not Showing Up